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A Case With Bilateral Supplemental Maxillary Lateral Incisors 
Anil Singla 1 , Anurag Negi 2


Address For Correspondence
Dr. Anil Singla
1Prof.& Head– Department of Orthodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh. 

    Abstract
Most Supernumerary teeth are located in the anterior maxillary region. They are classified according to their form and location. A case with bilateral supplemental maxillary Lateral incisors is presented. The etiology, types and treatment alternatives are discussed

     Keywords
Supernumerary teeth, Supplemental lateral incisors

  Full Text

INTRODUCTION
Supernumerary teeth are those that are additional to the normal compliment. Supernumerary teeth, also called hyperdontia, may occur unilaterally or bilaterally, single or multiple and in one or both jaws. They may occur in any region of the dental arch with predilectionfor premaxilla1,2 . According to Bodin et.al 3 the commonest site for hyperdontia is premaxilla with prevalence of 1.57%. The etiology of hyperdontia is unclear. Several theories have been suggested
regarding their etiology, hyperactivity of dental lamina is being most supported by literature 1,4,5.Among other theories are:
• Atavism , a reversion to a more primitive type of dentition 6.
• Dichotomy theory by Taylor7, which states that tooth bud splits in to two equal or differently size parts, resulting in two teeth of equal size or one normal and one abnormal tooth.
• Heredity: Many authors have suggested inheritance as a key factor in the development of supernumerary teeth, as these are more common in the family of the affected children than in general population 8,9. While there may
be a genetic influence, this does not appear to follow a simple Mendelian pattern 10.

Prevalence: Supernumerary teeth have been reported in both the primary and the permanent dentitions. The reported prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the general Caucasian population for the permanent dentition ranges from 0·1 to 3·8% 1,11 . The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is lower in the primary dentition and is said to be 0·3–0·8%2,7,. Hyperdontia in the primarydentition is often overlooked because  supernumerary teeth are often of normal shape, erupt normally and appear to be in proper alignment; and can be mistaken for gemination or fusion anomalies 12. Although cases of multiple supernumerary teeth have been reported 13–14, they are rare, as are multiple supernumerary teeth in individuals with no other associated diseases or syndromes  15-16. The conditions commonly associated with an increased prevalence of supernumerary teeth include Cleft lip and palate, Cleidocranial dysostosis, Gardner’s syndrome, FabryAnderson’s syndrome, Chondroectodermal  dysplasia and Ehlers– Danlos syndrome. Classification: Supernumerary teeth may beclassified according to morphology and location  17,18 . In the primary dentition, the morphology is usually normal or conical. The morphology of supernumerary teeth presenting in the permanent dentition is more variable, with the following four morphological types being described:

• Conical: This small peg-shaped conical tooth is the most common supernumerary found in the permanent dentition. It develops with root formation ahead of, or at an equivalent stage to, that of permanent incisors and usually presents as a mesiodens between the maxillarycentral incisors, but rarely erupts labially.
• Tuberculate: This type of supernumerary, that is larger in size than the conical tooth, possesses more than one cusp or tubercle.
• Supplemental: The supplemental supernumerary refers to duplication of teeth in the normal series and is found at the end of a tooth series.
• Odontoma: Despite not being universally accepted, most authors agree that odontoma represent a hamartomatous malformation. Bilateral supplemental maxillary lateral incisors have previously been described in the literature 19,20 , but are regarded as an unusual finding. A case of non syndromic, bilateral supplemental type of supernumerary lateral
incisors is presented.

CASE REPORT
A seventeen year old girl reported to the department of orthodontics with the chief complaint of irregularly placed upper front teeth. On intraoral examination she presented with complete set of permanent dentition in both maxillary and mandibular arches except thirdmolars with presence of supernumerary  supplemental bilateral lateral incisors having morphology similar to that of permanent maxillary lateral incisors ( Fig 1,2&3). The lateral incisors were similar in size with marked anterior crowding. There was no significant past medical history nor were there clinical signs of any recognized syndrome associated with multiple supernumeraries. She had mild class II div2 malocclusion with marked upper arch crowding. The teeth present in the mouth were 11, 12, 12S, 13, 14, 25, 26, 27, 21, 22, 22S, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47.) An OPG radiograph was taken which revealed complete root configuration with sound periodontium in relation to all four lateral incisors (bilateral maxillary lateral incisors and their
supplemental twin Fig 3). The crown and root morphology of both right and left lateral incisors and supplemental teeth were identical.

Management : Treatment depends on the type and position of supernumerary tooth and on its effect on adjacent teeth. Management of upernumerary tooth should be part of comprehensive treatment plan and should not be

Fig 1: Intraoral photographs showing supplemental lateral incisorsFig 1: Intraoral photographs showing supplemental lateral incisors

Fig 1: Intraoral photographs showing supplemental lateral incisors

Fig 2: Intraoral photographs showing supplemental lateral incisorsFig 2: Intraoral photographs showing supplemental lateral incisors

Fig 2: Intraoral photographs showing supplemental lateral incisors

Fig3: Maxillary Cast showing Bilateral supplemental lateral incisorsFig3: Maxillary Cast showing Bilateral supplemental lateral incisors

Fig3: Maxillary Cast showing Bilateral supplemental lateral incisors

considered in isolation. Usually it is difficult to distinguish the normal tooth from its supplemental twin. Supplemental supernumerary teeth should be observed till the child is old enough, if it is not interfering with the development and eruption of adjacent teeth. Removal of supernumerary teeth is recommended in cases where they are causing any pathological changes or crowding along with esthetical problem and difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance.

In the present case two supplemental lateral incisors were causing difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance, so decision was taken to extract the supplemental teeth and align the incisors. In the present case as both the teeth were equally formedthe teeth which are more displaced were extracted  as reported by Hattab et al 21. After this patient was advised orthodontic treatment for thecorrection of crowding.

Fig 4: OPG showing supplemental lateral incisorsFig 4: OPG showing supplemental lateral incisors

Fig 4: OPG showing supplemental lateral incisors

DISCUSSION
Present case is unusual as it demonstrates multiple supernumerary teeth in the anterior maxilla in patient without any syndrome.Supplemental lateral incisors are rare, bilateral  cases even rarer, only few cases having been reported in the literature to date. Yusof, in a literature review of multiple supernumerary teeth occurring in the absence of a syndrome, found the anterior maxilla to be an unusual site for this occurrence 22. Extraction is not always treatment of choice
for supernumerary teeth. Unerupted supernumerary teeth that are symptomless are sometimes best to left in place and kept underobservation. Since the patient had full set of dentition along with supplemental lateral incisors extraction of supplemental teeth followed by  orthodontic correction to establish good occlusion was treatment of choice.

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